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A SHOCKING LOOK BEHIND SOME OF THE MOST POPULAR NONFICTION FILMS OF OUR TIME.
NATURE DOCUMENTARIES.
THESE FILMS SEEK TO DELIVER A SENSE OF WONDER AT THE QUIRKY PRIVATE BEHAVIOR OF SOME OF THE COLORFUL CHARACTERS IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM.
THE PROBLEM, ACCORDING TO A LONG-TIME INDUSTRY VETERAN WE INTERVIEWED TONIGHT, IS THAT SOME OF THE MOST INCREDIBLE SCENES ARE 100% FAKE.
JOHN DONVAN HAS OUR REPORT.
ANIMALS ON THE SCREEN.
WE LOVE THEM.
BEETHOVEN IN THE MOVIE OF THAT NAME.
LASSI, IN THE CLASSIC TV SHOW.
AND THEN, OF COURSE, THERE IS FLIPPER.
ALL OF WHOM WERE, WE KNEW, ESSENTIALLY ACTORS, TRAINED ANIMAL PERFORMERS FOLLOWING A SCRIPT.
BUT ANIMALS ON SCREEN THIS WAY, IN THE WILD LIFE DOCUMENTARY --
AND THIS IS DISNEY'S 1958 "CHILD WILDERNESS," WHAT MADE IT SO DAZZLING, AND WHAT MADE LATER FILMS LIKE "WOLVES" SO ENCHANTING, WAS THE SHEER WONDER OF SEEING ANIMALS WILD.
IN A WORLD WITH SUCH MUCH ACCIDENTAL BEAUTY LIKE THIS HAUNTING IMAGE OF AN UNDERSEAS BONE YARD.
EXCEPT THAT WE PUT IT THERE.
AND AS WE JOURNEY ALONG WITH THESE CREATURES,
WAIT -- WHA DID HE SAY?
EXCEPT THAT WE PUT IT THERE.
HE'S TALKING ABOUT THAT WHALE SKULL ON THE SEA BOTTOM.
WE HAD A SCIENTIST WHO HAD THIS KILLER WHALE SKULL, AND WE ASKED IF HE WOULD BRING IT AND WE PUT IT AT THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA.
AND BACK IN THE "WOLVES" MOVIE, THAT DEAD ANIMAL THE WHOLE PACK IS FEEDING ON?
WE FOUND A DEAD ANIMAL.
THERE'S LOTS OF ROAD KILL
AROUND.
AND SO WE PUT IT THERE AND --
YOU HAULED THAT ANIMAL THERE --
WE DID, TO THAT PLACE.
AND OFTEN IN THIS SITUATION, WE DIDN'T DO IT HERE, BUT OFTEN IN THIS TYPE OF SITUATION, PEOPLE WHO MANAGE THESE ANIMALS WILL PUT M&Ms OR SOMETHING TASTY IN
THE INARDS OF A DEAD ANIMAL.
M&Ms STUFFED ANIMAL?
TO MAKE THE ANIMALS FEED ON IT.
OH, NO.
OH, YES, SAYS CHRIS PALMER.
>> THESE WILDLIFE FILMS, TOO MANY OF THEM INVOLVES DECEPTIONS, MANIPULATION, MISREPRESENTATIONS, FRAUDULENCE,
AND THE AUDIENCE DOESN'T KNOW.
AND WHO IS CHRIS PALMER TO SAY THAT FILMMAKERS HAVE BEEN FAKING?
WELL, HE WAS THE PRODUCER OF "WHALES" AND EXECUTIVE PRODUCE OF "WOLVES" AND "BEARS."
HE'S POINTING FINGERS – INCLUDING HIMSELF.
AFTER 30 YEARS IN THIS BUSINESS, I HAVE COME TO – AND I'VE BEEN PART OF THAT PROBLEM.
BECAUSE, THIS FAMILY SUBSISTING ON THE SIDE OF AN UNFORGIVING MOUNTAIN, THEIR ONLY REFUGE, THIS DEN DUG OUT OF HARD EARTH -- WELL, THESE ANIMALS AREN'T ACTUALLY FROM AROUND THERE.
WHAT IS HAPPENING IN REALITY IS, THOSE WOLVES ARE CAPTIVE.
THEY ARE FROM A GAME FARM.
THEY DON'T LIVE THERE?
THEY DON'T LIVE THERE.
IT'S REPRESENT A WOLF.
OH, ONE MORE THING.
THE DEN DUG OUT OF HARD EARTH?
IT'S ARTIFICIAL.
YOU BUILT THIS?
IN ORDER TO GET A CAMERA IN THERE, THE WOLF IS CAPTIVE TO THE
CAMERA, THIS IS ALL MADE UP.
THERE WAS A NOTICE INCLUDED IN THE MOVIE, IT CAME AT THE END OF THE MOVIE, SAYING THAT CAPTIVE ANIMALS WERE IN THE MOVIE.
BUT WHO READS THAT?
THERE WAS NO INDICATION WATCHING THE FILM THAT THOSE ARE WILD WOLVES.
EVERYBODY WOULD THINK THEY WERE WATCHING WILD WOLVES.
YES, THEY WOULD INDEED.
AND HOW DISILLUSIONING TO BE SHOWN THIS ILLUSION.
IT'S HEARTBREAKING, BECAUSE YOU PLAYED ON OUR HEART-STRINGS SO MUCH, TO MAKE US CARE.
BUT PALMER SAYS IT'S NOT ALL THAT NEW.
"CHILD WILDERNESS" WON AN OSCAR.
BUT THIS FAMOUS SCENE OF LEMMINGS COMMITTING SUICIDE WAS OUTED AS A FAKE YEARS AGO.
THOSE LEMMINGS WERE HURD OFF THOSE CLUTCHES BY THE
FILMMAKERS.
LEMMING SUICIDE IS A MYTH.
LOTS OF DECEPTIONS GOING ON.
AND THE REASON I'VE WRITTEN A BOOK IS TO LAUNCH A CAMPAIGN AROUND THE WORLD TO ASK WHETHER IT'S RIGHT.
WHY WOULD YOU MAKE A FILM LIKE THAT?
PALMER NOW HEADS THE CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FILM MAKING THAT HE FOUNDED AT AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT WASHINGTON.
HE TRIED TO TEACH ETHICAL FILM MAKING BUT CONCEDES THE REASON HE'S CUT CORNERS OVER THE YEARS
IS SIMPLE.
IT'S MONEY.
WHEN YOU'RE UNDER THAT PRESSURE AND MONEY IS RUNNING OUT AND THE WEATHER IS CLOSING IN, ETHICSS THE LAST THING ON YOUR MIND.
YOU ARE AFTER THAT SHOT.
SO, YOU BRING YOUR OWN WOLVES, YOU KNOW YOU'LL GET THE SHOT.
AND IF YOU CAN TUG AT THE VIEWER'S HEART-STRINGS, YOU KNOW YOU'LL GET THE RATINGS.
IF THE INDUSTRY WENT COMPLETELY, COMPLETELY HONEST BY THE WAY YOU DESCRIBE HONEST, WOULD THE MOVIES GET REALLY BORING?
I THINK YOU CAN DO IT, BUT IT TAKE AS LOT OF CREATIVITY, A LOT OF HARD WORK.
BUT JUST NOT TOO MUCH CREATIVITY.
PART OF THIS IS UP TO THOSE THAT EAT THIS STUFF UP.
YOU WATCH "WHALES" AND YOU GET WRAPPED UP IN THE STRUGGLE OF THIS PAIR, MISTY AND ECHO, MOTHER AND CHILD.
BUT HOW DO THEY KNOW THEIR NAMES?
WE MADE THEM UP.
AND YOU SEE MISTY AND ECHO SET OFF ON A JOURNEY OF THOUSANDS OF MILES TO REACH THEIR FEEDINGS GROUNDS IN ALASKA
AND IT MAKES IT SEEM LIKE THEY
MIGHT NOT MAKE IT.
SOME OF THE WHALES I'VE GOTTEN TO KNOW HAVE NEVER RETURNED.
AND THE FILM ITEMS HOW THEY OVERCOME AMAZING OBSTACLES AND CHALLENGES FROM KILLER WHALES, FROM IMPACTS FROM SHIPS, FROM DRIFT NETS AND SO ON.
OUR SHIP GOES UP TO ALASKA, WE'RE WAITING FOR THEM THERE AND WILL WE SEE THEM?
AND THE MUSIC SWELLS AND THE AUDIENCE IS THRILLED THAT MISTY AND ECHO HAVE ARRIVED SAFELY.
THEN THE MOMENT THEY HAD HOPED FOR.
BY SHEER LUCK, THEY SPOT A CALF WITH FAMILIAR MARKINGS.
IT'S ECHO.
WHEW.
THAT IS PRETTY DRAMATIC.
ONE PROBLEM, THOUGH.
THE POINT IS, WE MADE THAT UP.
THE MOTHER AND CALF WE SEE ARRIVING IN ALASKA IS NOT THE SAME ANIMALS THAT WE SAW LEAVING IN HAWAII.
REASON?
THEY HAD NO MEANS OR MONEY FOR TRACKING TWO WHALES AT OCEAN DEPTHS FOR 3,000 MILES.
STILL, IT FEELS GOOD THAT MISTY AND ECHO OR WHOEVER THEY ARE FINALLY MAKE ITER OR SEEM TO.
CAN WE NOT CARE ABOUT THE ANIMALS IF WE DON'T GIVE THEM HUMAN NAMES?
IT IS EASIER TO CARE ABOUT ANIMALS IF YOU GIVE THEM NAMES.
AND THIS IS A BIG DEBATE IN SCIENCE.
JANE GOODALL NAMED HER CHIMPS AND SHE WAS CRITICIZED FOR THAT.
BUT LOOK AT THE INCREDIBLE GOOD THAT SHE'S DONE.
AND THAT'S THE OTHER SIDE OF THE ARGUMENT.
THE FAKE STUFF, AND IT'S USUALLY ONLY A FRACTION OF ANY MOVIE, IT HELPS US TO CARE, INSPIRING AWE, EVEN LOVE.
PUTTING US ON THE SIDE OF THE OF THE ANIMALS, WHICH IS WHY HE MAKES FILMS HIMSELF.
SO, IN HIS MOVIE "BEARS," YES, IT'S TRUE, NOT ALL THE ANIMALS ARE WILD -- THEY GOT THERE THAT DAY BY TRUCK, ESSENTIALLY. YEAH, YES.
AND IT'S TRUE THERE WAS A TRAINER OFFSCREEN IN THIS SCENE TELLING THE ANIMALS WHAT TO DO.
THEY ARE TRAINED THROUGH BEING FED, REWARDED WITH M&Ms AND FOOD.
BUT YOU DO END UP REALLY LIKING BEARS, CARING ABOUT THEM.
THE SAME THING WITH THE WOLVES. SOME ARGUE USING CAPTIVE ANIMALS ACTUALLY SPARES TRULY WILD ANIMALS THE TRAUMA, DISRUPTION AND DANGER THAT COMES WITH HUMAN CONTACT.
CHRIS PALMER CONCEDES THAT POINT.
CHRIS, I GET THE FEELING THAT YOU ARE TORN ABOUT THIS, THERE ISN’T ARGUMENT TO BE MADE THAT FOR THE GREATER
GOOD, YOU CAN TELL A LITTLE LIE HERE AND THERE IN A MOVIE.
YES, YEAH. I COULD MAKE THE ARGUMENT THAT THIS IS OKAY, BECAUSE THE FILM IS GOING TO DO A LOT OF GOOD.
IT'S GOING TO PROMOTE CONSERVATION.
ANIMALS WON'T REALLY BE HARMED.
WE WON'T REALLY BE DISTURBING'S WILD ANIMAL.
REALLY SAYING, ABOUT ONE OF THE OLDEST FORMS OF REALITY PROGRAMMING.
I'M JOHN DONVAN FOR "NIGHTLINE" IN WASHINGTON.
NATURE DOCUMENTARIES.
THESE FILMS SEEK TO DELIVER A SENSE OF WONDER AT THE QUIRKY PRIVATE BEHAVIOR OF SOME OF THE COLORFUL CHARACTERS IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM.
THE PROBLEM, ACCORDING TO A LONG-TIME INDUSTRY VETERAN WE INTERVIEWED TONIGHT, IS THAT SOME OF THE MOST INCREDIBLE SCENES ARE 100% FAKE.
JOHN DONVAN HAS OUR REPORT.
ANIMALS ON THE SCREEN.
WE LOVE THEM.
BEETHOVEN IN THE MOVIE OF THAT NAME.
LASSI, IN THE CLASSIC TV SHOW.
AND THEN, OF COURSE, THERE IS FLIPPER.
ALL OF WHOM WERE, WE KNEW, ESSENTIALLY ACTORS, TRAINED ANIMAL PERFORMERS FOLLOWING A SCRIPT.
BUT ANIMALS ON SCREEN THIS WAY, IN THE WILD LIFE DOCUMENTARY --
AND THIS IS DISNEY'S 1958 "CHILD WILDERNESS," WHAT MADE IT SO DAZZLING, AND WHAT MADE LATER FILMS LIKE "WOLVES" SO ENCHANTING, WAS THE SHEER WONDER OF SEEING ANIMALS WILD.
IN A WORLD WITH SUCH MUCH ACCIDENTAL BEAUTY LIKE THIS HAUNTING IMAGE OF AN UNDERSEAS BONE YARD.
EXCEPT THAT WE PUT IT THERE.
AND AS WE JOURNEY ALONG WITH THESE CREATURES,
WAIT -- WHA DID HE SAY?
EXCEPT THAT WE PUT IT THERE.
HE'S TALKING ABOUT THAT WHALE SKULL ON THE SEA BOTTOM.
WE HAD A SCIENTIST WHO HAD THIS KILLER WHALE SKULL, AND WE ASKED IF HE WOULD BRING IT AND WE PUT IT AT THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA.
AND BACK IN THE "WOLVES" MOVIE, THAT DEAD ANIMAL THE WHOLE PACK IS FEEDING ON?
WE FOUND A DEAD ANIMAL.
THERE'S LOTS OF ROAD KILL
AROUND.
AND SO WE PUT IT THERE AND --
YOU HAULED THAT ANIMAL THERE --
WE DID, TO THAT PLACE.
AND OFTEN IN THIS SITUATION, WE DIDN'T DO IT HERE, BUT OFTEN IN THIS TYPE OF SITUATION, PEOPLE WHO MANAGE THESE ANIMALS WILL PUT M&Ms OR SOMETHING TASTY IN
THE INARDS OF A DEAD ANIMAL.
M&Ms STUFFED ANIMAL?
TO MAKE THE ANIMALS FEED ON IT.
OH, NO.
OH, YES, SAYS CHRIS PALMER.
>> THESE WILDLIFE FILMS, TOO MANY OF THEM INVOLVES DECEPTIONS, MANIPULATION, MISREPRESENTATIONS, FRAUDULENCE,
AND THE AUDIENCE DOESN'T KNOW.
AND WHO IS CHRIS PALMER TO SAY THAT FILMMAKERS HAVE BEEN FAKING?
WELL, HE WAS THE PRODUCER OF "WHALES" AND EXECUTIVE PRODUCE OF "WOLVES" AND "BEARS."
HE'S POINTING FINGERS – INCLUDING HIMSELF.
AFTER 30 YEARS IN THIS BUSINESS, I HAVE COME TO – AND I'VE BEEN PART OF THAT PROBLEM.
BECAUSE, THIS FAMILY SUBSISTING ON THE SIDE OF AN UNFORGIVING MOUNTAIN, THEIR ONLY REFUGE, THIS DEN DUG OUT OF HARD EARTH -- WELL, THESE ANIMALS AREN'T ACTUALLY FROM AROUND THERE.
WHAT IS HAPPENING IN REALITY IS, THOSE WOLVES ARE CAPTIVE.
THEY ARE FROM A GAME FARM.
THEY DON'T LIVE THERE?
THEY DON'T LIVE THERE.
IT'S REPRESENT A WOLF.
OH, ONE MORE THING.
THE DEN DUG OUT OF HARD EARTH?
IT'S ARTIFICIAL.
YOU BUILT THIS?
IN ORDER TO GET A CAMERA IN THERE, THE WOLF IS CAPTIVE TO THE
CAMERA, THIS IS ALL MADE UP.
THERE WAS A NOTICE INCLUDED IN THE MOVIE, IT CAME AT THE END OF THE MOVIE, SAYING THAT CAPTIVE ANIMALS WERE IN THE MOVIE.
BUT WHO READS THAT?
THERE WAS NO INDICATION WATCHING THE FILM THAT THOSE ARE WILD WOLVES.
EVERYBODY WOULD THINK THEY WERE WATCHING WILD WOLVES.
YES, THEY WOULD INDEED.
AND HOW DISILLUSIONING TO BE SHOWN THIS ILLUSION.
IT'S HEARTBREAKING, BECAUSE YOU PLAYED ON OUR HEART-STRINGS SO MUCH, TO MAKE US CARE.
BUT PALMER SAYS IT'S NOT ALL THAT NEW.
"CHILD WILDERNESS" WON AN OSCAR.
BUT THIS FAMOUS SCENE OF LEMMINGS COMMITTING SUICIDE WAS OUTED AS A FAKE YEARS AGO.
THOSE LEMMINGS WERE HURD OFF THOSE CLUTCHES BY THE
FILMMAKERS.
LEMMING SUICIDE IS A MYTH.
LOTS OF DECEPTIONS GOING ON.
AND THE REASON I'VE WRITTEN A BOOK IS TO LAUNCH A CAMPAIGN AROUND THE WORLD TO ASK WHETHER IT'S RIGHT.
WHY WOULD YOU MAKE A FILM LIKE THAT?
PALMER NOW HEADS THE CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FILM MAKING THAT HE FOUNDED AT AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT WASHINGTON.
HE TRIED TO TEACH ETHICAL FILM MAKING BUT CONCEDES THE REASON HE'S CUT CORNERS OVER THE YEARS
IS SIMPLE.
IT'S MONEY.
WHEN YOU'RE UNDER THAT PRESSURE AND MONEY IS RUNNING OUT AND THE WEATHER IS CLOSING IN, ETHICSS THE LAST THING ON YOUR MIND.
YOU ARE AFTER THAT SHOT.
SO, YOU BRING YOUR OWN WOLVES, YOU KNOW YOU'LL GET THE SHOT.
AND IF YOU CAN TUG AT THE VIEWER'S HEART-STRINGS, YOU KNOW YOU'LL GET THE RATINGS.
IF THE INDUSTRY WENT COMPLETELY, COMPLETELY HONEST BY THE WAY YOU DESCRIBE HONEST, WOULD THE MOVIES GET REALLY BORING?
I THINK YOU CAN DO IT, BUT IT TAKE AS LOT OF CREATIVITY, A LOT OF HARD WORK.
BUT JUST NOT TOO MUCH CREATIVITY.
PART OF THIS IS UP TO THOSE THAT EAT THIS STUFF UP.
YOU WATCH "WHALES" AND YOU GET WRAPPED UP IN THE STRUGGLE OF THIS PAIR, MISTY AND ECHO, MOTHER AND CHILD.
BUT HOW DO THEY KNOW THEIR NAMES?
WE MADE THEM UP.
AND YOU SEE MISTY AND ECHO SET OFF ON A JOURNEY OF THOUSANDS OF MILES TO REACH THEIR FEEDINGS GROUNDS IN ALASKA
AND IT MAKES IT SEEM LIKE THEY
MIGHT NOT MAKE IT.
SOME OF THE WHALES I'VE GOTTEN TO KNOW HAVE NEVER RETURNED.
AND THE FILM ITEMS HOW THEY OVERCOME AMAZING OBSTACLES AND CHALLENGES FROM KILLER WHALES, FROM IMPACTS FROM SHIPS, FROM DRIFT NETS AND SO ON.
OUR SHIP GOES UP TO ALASKA, WE'RE WAITING FOR THEM THERE AND WILL WE SEE THEM?
AND THE MUSIC SWELLS AND THE AUDIENCE IS THRILLED THAT MISTY AND ECHO HAVE ARRIVED SAFELY.
THEN THE MOMENT THEY HAD HOPED FOR.
BY SHEER LUCK, THEY SPOT A CALF WITH FAMILIAR MARKINGS.
IT'S ECHO.
WHEW.
THAT IS PRETTY DRAMATIC.
ONE PROBLEM, THOUGH.
THE POINT IS, WE MADE THAT UP.
THE MOTHER AND CALF WE SEE ARRIVING IN ALASKA IS NOT THE SAME ANIMALS THAT WE SAW LEAVING IN HAWAII.
REASON?
THEY HAD NO MEANS OR MONEY FOR TRACKING TWO WHALES AT OCEAN DEPTHS FOR 3,000 MILES.
STILL, IT FEELS GOOD THAT MISTY AND ECHO OR WHOEVER THEY ARE FINALLY MAKE ITER OR SEEM TO.
CAN WE NOT CARE ABOUT THE ANIMALS IF WE DON'T GIVE THEM HUMAN NAMES?
IT IS EASIER TO CARE ABOUT ANIMALS IF YOU GIVE THEM NAMES.
AND THIS IS A BIG DEBATE IN SCIENCE.
JANE GOODALL NAMED HER CHIMPS AND SHE WAS CRITICIZED FOR THAT.
BUT LOOK AT THE INCREDIBLE GOOD THAT SHE'S DONE.
AND THAT'S THE OTHER SIDE OF THE ARGUMENT.
THE FAKE STUFF, AND IT'S USUALLY ONLY A FRACTION OF ANY MOVIE, IT HELPS US TO CARE, INSPIRING AWE, EVEN LOVE.
PUTTING US ON THE SIDE OF THE OF THE ANIMALS, WHICH IS WHY HE MAKES FILMS HIMSELF.
SO, IN HIS MOVIE "BEARS," YES, IT'S TRUE, NOT ALL THE ANIMALS ARE WILD -- THEY GOT THERE THAT DAY BY TRUCK, ESSENTIALLY. YEAH, YES.
AND IT'S TRUE THERE WAS A TRAINER OFFSCREEN IN THIS SCENE TELLING THE ANIMALS WHAT TO DO.
THEY ARE TRAINED THROUGH BEING FED, REWARDED WITH M&Ms AND FOOD.
BUT YOU DO END UP REALLY LIKING BEARS, CARING ABOUT THEM.
THE SAME THING WITH THE WOLVES. SOME ARGUE USING CAPTIVE ANIMALS ACTUALLY SPARES TRULY WILD ANIMALS THE TRAUMA, DISRUPTION AND DANGER THAT COMES WITH HUMAN CONTACT.
CHRIS PALMER CONCEDES THAT POINT.
CHRIS, I GET THE FEELING THAT YOU ARE TORN ABOUT THIS, THERE ISN’T ARGUMENT TO BE MADE THAT FOR THE GREATER
GOOD, YOU CAN TELL A LITTLE LIE HERE AND THERE IN A MOVIE.
YES, YEAH. I COULD MAKE THE ARGUMENT THAT THIS IS OKAY, BECAUSE THE FILM IS GOING TO DO A LOT OF GOOD.
IT'S GOING TO PROMOTE CONSERVATION.
ANIMALS WON'T REALLY BE HARMED.
WE WON'T REALLY BE DISTURBING'S WILD ANIMAL.
REALLY SAYING, ABOUT ONE OF THE OLDEST FORMS OF REALITY PROGRAMMING.
I'M JOHN DONVAN FOR "NIGHTLINE" IN WASHINGTON.
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